Biography (Part 1)

Early Life 
James Lowman Frazier was born in Homer, Louisiana, on February 2, 1925. His parents were Shervert Hughes and Mary Frazier. The couple had three children: Shervert, Jr., Mary, and the youngest, James, who was called "Jim."

Frazier moved around during his childhood. His father was a Baptist minister who served in Marshall and Fort Worth, Texas. He had ties to Texas throughout his lifetime. In 1937, when Jim was 12, the family moved to Harrisburg, Illinois, where his father became the minister at the First Baptist Church. The family moved into the church's new parsonage on East Walnut Street, and the children attended the Harrisburg schools.

In junior high school, Frazier was on the staff of the school magazine, the Herald. He illustrated pictures, wrote stories, and composed poetry. Drawing would become a lifelong hobby. Junior high school sparked an interest in gas-powered airplanes, which led him to become a pilot.

Frazier entered Harrisburg Township High School in the fall of 1938. At school, he played on the football team, served as the senior class secretary, and was part of the Hi-Y Club, a Christian organization affiliated with the YMCA that promoted good character and scholarship. 

He was an outstanding student, taking such courses as Latin, geometry, physics, mechanical drawing, advanced algebra, and four years of English. In the spring of 1942, Frazier graduated third in his class. After graduation, he spent the summer in Idaho employed by the Union Pacific Railroad Company as a track laborer. 

Following in the footsteps of his parents and siblings, Frazier enrolled at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis in the fall of 1942. He was a diver for the Gophers Swim Team and majored in aeronautical engineering.

In the spring of his freshman year, Frazier applied to the V-5 Naval Aviation Cadet program to become a pilot. While he served stateside with the United States Navy Reserves, attending flight school, his father and older brother both served in the Pacific Theater. His father retired as a lieutenant colonel, serving as a chaplain in both World War I and World War II. His brother, S.H. Jr., served with the Navy Medical Corps.

During college, Frazier began dating Carla June Cummins from his hometown of Harrisburg. He sent her a picture of himself in 1944, stating, “Carla June, This is Jim from Athens, Ga., sending all his love and best wishes for the new semester.” They were married on June 29, 1946, by Frazier’s father. Carla and James lived in Minnesota and finished their college degrees.

After graduating in the spring of 1948, the couple moved to St. Louis, where Frazier worked for McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. In July of 1949, they welcomed a baby girl, Constance Frazier, whom they called Connie. 

The family moved across the United States in early 1950 as Frazier started work with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA. He was hired as an aeronautical scientist for Moffett Field in California. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was renamed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958. During this time, Frazier was flying for the United States Marine Corps Reserves, which would soon call him up when the Korean War started.

Homefront 
Harrisburg, Illinois, in the 1950s, was a typical small midwestern hometown in America, where the local paper ran a list of who visited the town that day, most people knew each other, and people attended the local drive-in for their daily movies.

Saline County's economy was driven by corn and bean farming, along with numerous coal mines throughout the county and in Southern Illinois. The dairy in town, Dairy Brand, was founded in 1922 and featured as one of the main sponsors on the local television station WSILTV in Harrisburg. The dairy's mascot was a man named Cactus Pete, whose persona became well known in the 1950s. 

The stores in post-World War II Harrisburg were uptown around the square. Shoppers shopped at Ozment's Drug Store, F. W. Woolworth's, Skaggs Pharmacy, Karnes Hardware, Hart's Department Store, Myron's, and other stores and businesses. Numerous churches, mostly Protestant, stood throughout the uptown area as well. The Fraziers' home church, First Baptist, where Reverend S. H. Frazier preached, was a block from the square. 

The town, nestled at the northern edge of the Shawnee National Forest, enticed people to come hike and hunt. Garden of the Gods, Camel Rock, and Stoneface were prominent rock formations that were visited by tourists.

Harrisburg was like many communities during the Cold War. The local newspaper was full of articles on building bomb shelters and civil defense programs. One headline in 1951 ran, “War is Inevitable, State Civil Defense Official Tells Rotarians.” The article states that no area in the United States should feel safe from attack, not even Saline County. State officials said that Russians were planning to attack the United States. Rural Harrisburg was not spared from the Red Scare that spread through the country.

Biography (part 2)

Military Experience 
James Lowman Frazier joined the military long before the Korean War broke out in 1950. He enlisted on February 1, 1943, one day before his eighteenth birthday. He was inducted into the V-5, Naval Aviator Program through the U.S. Navy Reserves at the University of Minnesota. The program was set up to increase the number of Naval officers during the war.

In his application, Frazier submitted several letters of recommendation. Bob Burnett, superintendent of the First Baptist Church Sunday School, described Frazier as having “ . . . excellent character and good reputation. He is very studious, ambitious, and has the right attitude . . . He is a one hundred percent American." Other letters described him as dependable, trustworthy, honest, and perseverant.

Shortly after he enlisted, the V-5 program was reclassified as the V-12 Navy College Training Program. In 1943 and 1944, Frazier attended boot camp at the U.S. Naval Air Primary Training Command Regional Office near Chicago, Illinois.  He was listed as a V-12 aviation student. 

In 1944 and early 1945, Frazier received additional training at the U.S. Navy Pre-Flight School in Athens, Georgia. He mostly trained on SNJ or FG-1D Corsair propeller planes. Both were used in World War II and the Korean War. He successfully completed his flight training in May 1945 at the U.S. Naval Air Station in Memphis, Tennessee, and was transferred to the U.S. Naval Air Training Base in Pensacola, Florida.

On February 5, 1946, he was released from his U.S. Navy enlisted contract and commissioned as a second lieutenant with the U.S. Marine Corps Reserves. Throughout this training and service to his country, Frazier continued taking classes and earned his undergraduate degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1948. 

Frazier remained in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserves. In June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. Frazier was living in California with his wife and baby and working at Ames Research Laboratory at Moffett Field. Although he qualified for a deferment, Frazier answered the call to report for duty as a Marine Corps aviator. His flight book indicates that he went on active duty on August 1, 1950. 

Frazier arrived in Itami, Japan, in October 1950 and was attached to the First Marine Air Wing, Marine Aircraft Group 12, and Marine Fighter Squadron 323, known as the "Death Rattlers." 

While in Korea, Frazier was stationed in several locations, including Wonsan, West Pusan, and Seoul. His assignment was to fly sorties. This included conducting reconnaissance, supporting ground troops by using close air support, and dropping bombs and napalm on enemy positions.  He flew a F4U Corsair while in Korea.

In November 1950, Frazier provided air support for the Battles of Majon-ni and Kunu-ri (Wowan). At the beginning of December, he flew air support for the ground troops retreating at the Chosin Reservoir. Often called the “Frozen Chosin,” the Marines experienced brutal wind chills of 70 degrees below zero. On December 1, 1950, Frazier destroyed targets, dropping napalm and 500-pound bombs, as U.S. Marines on the ground made their way south in a fighting retreat. These flights were classified in his flightbook as B-2 “combat mission resulting in engagement with enemy.”  

Frazier also helped evacuate Wonsan and Yonpo as United Nations troops, pushed by Chinese forces, evacuated areas of North Korea, moving south below the 38th Parallel. 

From January to the end of April, Frazier flew over 50 combat flights for the U.S. Marine VMF 323.  Most were armed reconnaissance and close air support near Pusan, Inchon, Seoul, Kiyang-ni, and Karinung. 

March and April saw a spike in missions flown by Frazier and the rest of VMF-323. Frazier's flightbook and the historical diaries of VMF-323 record reconnaissance and close-support flights almost daily. 

On April 30, 1951,  Frazier and Lieutenant Lilburn "Jeff" Harpe flew a mission that destroyed several gun positions in North Korea. They decided there were more targets to hit and went back to Seoul to reload the planes. During his third mission of the day, Frazier's plane was hit by enemy fire and crashed into the top of the ridge. 

A letter from Captain C. R. Stewart to Mrs. Carla Frazier read,

"On the morning of April 30, Jim and Jeff Harpe were on an armed recon hop north of  Uijongbu and discovered a nest of anti-aircraft weapons on a ridge. They returned K-16 (near Seoul), and reported what they had seen, gassed their planes, rearmed, had lunch; and were ordered back into the air to destroy the gun positions. They had destroyed the majority of them when Jeff heard Jim call on the radio and say ‘Man - look at all those tracers go by!’ Jim was in a straffing [sic] run at the time and it was just after the radio call that Jims [sic] plane was hit, caught fire and dove into the ground. It exploded on Impact."

Although his friend, Harpe, saw where Frazier went down, Frazier's remains could not be retrieved. Carla Frazier received a Western Union Telegram on May 1, 1950, stating that the Marine Corps deeply regretted to inform her that her husband, James Lowman Frazier, had been killed in the "performance of his duty and service to the country" the day before. 

The VMF 323 Unit Diary notes the details of Lieutenant Frazier’s mission and crash. Numerous newspapers in Illinois and Texas ran stories about his crash and sacrifice over the next week.

Commemoration 
The outpouring of love for Carla Frazier and Jim’s daughter, Connie Frazier, was expressed in the letters sent to Carla. 

Lieutenant Harpe, who was with Frazier when he went down, stated, "The Marine Corps has lost one of its best pilots and most capable officers. I have lost one of the best friends I have ever had, and you have lost more than any of us. Always remember that Jim died a Hero's death."

Lt. John Coffman, another pilot, wrote,
"He [James] was one of my closest friends, his death has truly been the shock of the war to me. You will hear and see things that might make you think his death was a waste, then he died in vain. That is not true, we who have some idea of what is going on over here know that…If someone would have told Jim that he would be killed four or five months later, it wouldn't have changed his actions at all."

In January 1952, U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Allen and Major Frank Kaemper presented Frazier’s Silver Star to Mrs. Carla Frazier and her daughter Connie. In part, the citation read:

"For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as a Pilot of a Fighter Plane in Marine Fighter Squadron THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-THREE in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea on 30 April 1951. . . Although his plane was hit and caught fire during the determined assault, he continued his accurate bombing and strafing run, dropping his napalm and skillfully firing his rockets into the target until his plane became unmanageable and crashed into the target area . . .His outstanding leadership, professional skill and gallant devotion to duty reflect the highest credit upon First Lieutenant Frazier and the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country."

Jim Frazier has not been forgotten like the Korean War. His daughter has dedicated a tree in his honor at the local library. He is remembered on the Saline County Memorial Wall, erected every Veteran's Day at Harrisburg High School, more than 80 years after he walked those same hallways. His name was pinned to an American flag outside the high school this year, one of 230 that represented every man who had served and died in uniform from Saline County. 

He was intelligent and hardworking. He was a family man and left them to serve when the nation called. Harrisburg has not forgotten its hometown hero. 

James Lowman Frazier's name is inscribed on the Honolulu Memorial at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific and on the Little Arlington Monument in Sunset Lawn Cemetery, where he also has a memorial marker. In Springfield, Illinois, the Korean War Monument is surrounded by the names of those Illinoisans who gave their lives in Korea, including Frazier and  22 other Saline County men who were lost. 

On the upcoming seventy-fifth anniversary of James Lowman Frazier's death, our nation, the State of Illinois, and Saline County thank him for the ultimate sacrifice he made to secure freedom and democracy.


This profile was researched by Mrs. Marjorie D. DeNeal, a teacher at Harrisburg High School, as part of National History Day’s Researching Silent Heroes program in the 2025/2026 academic year.

This profile was funded by a contract with the American Battle Monuments Commission.


Bibliography (part 1):

Primary Sources
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"Area Unemployment Near Disaster Point, State Officials Says." Daily Register  [Harrisburg, IL], May 4, 1953, Newspapers.com (38495530). 

"Births." Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL] July 19, 1949. Newspapers.com (8727493).

California. Santa Clara County. 1950 U.S. Census. Digital images. Ancestry.

"Cummins-Frazier." Evansville Courier and Press, July 7, 1946. Newspapers.com (760238087).

Dairy Brand Specials. Advertisement, Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], November 24, 1952. Newspapers.com (7241563).

Have You Got Cowboys in the House? Advertisement, Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], May 8, 1951. Newspapers.com (7484403). 

"Dr. S. H. Frazier and Miss Gloria Barger Married Here Sunday In Ceremony at First Baptist Church." Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL] June 21, 1947. Newspapers.com (7115142).

"Dr. S. H. Frazier ⸺ Minister, Chaplain, Teacher Has His Day." The Marshall New Messenger, [Marshall, TX], July 28, 1974. Newspapers.com (320581738).

"Dr. S. H. Frazier Succumbs." The Marshall New Messenger,  [Marshall, TX], June 28, 1977. Newspapers.com (320543405). 

"Drive-In Theatre." Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], September 28, 1951. Newspapers.com (7523653).

"Eldorado Civil Defense Program Set Up by Mayor Upchurch Mikinnis is Director." Daily Register  [Harrisburg, IL], February 6, 1951. Newspapers.com (7467203).  

"Evangelist's Son, Lt. James Frazier Killed in Action." Hardin County Independent [Elizabethtown, IL], May 3, 1951. Newspapers.com (557695239).

"First Lieutenant James L. Frazier." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], April 17, 1951 Newspapers.com (7479450).

"First Lt. James L. Frazier." The Marshall News Messenger [Marshall, TX], May 1, 1951 Newspapers.com (320818057).

"Foreign Isles No Romantic Places for Local Boys; Civilian War Efforts; Korea; Prepare for Atomic Age." Daily Register  [Harrisburg, IL], October 7, 1953. Newspapers.com (7248410).

Frazier, Constance. Interview with the author, October 12, 2025. 

Frazier Family Photographs. 1925-1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Frazier, James Lowman. Aviators Flight Logbook, July 1945–April 30, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Frazier, James L. Herald Harrisburg Jr. High [Harrisburg, IL], February 1938. Unpublished newspaper.

Frazier, James L. U.S., Marine Corps Muster Rolls, 1798-1958. Fold3.  

Frazier, James L. U.S., World War II Navy Muster Rolls, 1938-1949. Ancestry.

Frazier, James Lowman. Purple Heart Certificate. May 23, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Frazier, James Lowman. Silver Star Citation. 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier. 

"Frazier, Shervert H., MD." Boston Globe, [Boston, MA] March 5, 2015. Newspapers.com (444511887).

Letter from Charles W. Frick to Carla Frazier, May 4, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Gopher Log. University of Minnesota, 1944. https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll339:34150/p16022coll339:34072?child_index=318&query=frazier&sidebar_page=1.

Gopher Log. University of Minnesota, 1943. https://umedia.lib.umn.edu/item/p16022coll339:8064?q=gopher+log+1943. 

"HTHS Junior Wins VFW Auxiliary Essay Contest, 'What Civil Defense Means to Me.'" Daily Register  [Harrisburg, IL], May 11, 1955. Newspapers.com (7088067). 

Illinois. Saline County. 1940 U.S. Census. Digital images. Ancestry.

James Frazier. Student's Permanent Record, Harrisburg Township High School. 1942.

James Frazier. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Institute of Technology Transcript. 1946.

James L. Frazier. U.S., Korean War Era Draft Cards, 1948-1959. Digital images. Fold3.
James Lowman Frazier, Official Military Personnel File, Department of the Navy, National Archives and Records Administration - St. Louis.
James Lowman Frazier, Report of Separation, Department of the Navy, National Archives and Records Administration - St. Louis.
James Lowman Frazier. World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947. Digital images. Ancestry.

"'Keep-Em Flying’ Is Hobby With These Boys." The Purple Clarion, [Harrisburg, IL],  May 22, 1942.

Keystone 1940. Harrisburg Township High School, 1940.

Keystone 1942. Harrisburg Township High School, 1942.

Letter from Captain C. R. Stewart to Carla Frazier, May 14, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Letter from First Lieutenant John Coffman to Carla Frazier, June 28, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier. 

Letter from George Kinugasa to Carla Frazier, June 20, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier. 

Letter from J. F. Blankeney to Mrs. James L. Frazier. April 5, 1956. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Letter from Lieutenant L. L. Harpe to Carla Frazier, May 28, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

"Letter Gives Facts in Death of Lt. Frazier." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], June 2, 1951. Newspapers.com (7492045).

"Lt. Jim Frazier Answers Call for Air Strike in Korea." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], February 17, 1951. Newspapers.com (7468962). 

"Lt. James L. Frazier Killed in Action." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], May 1, 1951. Newspapers.com (7482262). 

"Marshall Couple's Son Killed Monday in Korea." The Marshall News Messenger [Marshall, TX], May 1, 1951 Newspapers.com (320818057).

"Marshall Flier is Killed in Action." The Longview Daily News [Longview, TX], May 4, 1951. Newspapers.com (191175814).

Letter from Captain Joseph McPhail to Carla Frazier, May 29, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier. 

"Mr. and Mrs. James Frazier Graduate from Minnesota U." Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL],  June 15, 1948. Newspapers.com (8576569).

"Mrs. James L. Frazier Receives Silver Star Awarded Posthumously to Husband." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], January 28, 1952. Newspapers.com (7168766). 

"Mrs. S. H. Frazier Sr. Dies Suddenly at Home in Texas." Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL] August 26, 1960. Newspapers.com (59491582).

"Our Men in the Service." The Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], February 2, 1951. Newspapers.com (7466892).

Penney, Truman C. "Naval Aviation Cadet Selection Board: To a Future Naval Pilot." Minneapolis, Minnesota. Frazier Family collection, Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Presentation of Silver Star Carla and Constance Frazier. Marine Air Detachment Naval Air Station Photographs. 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

"Red Cross Facts." Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], February 25, 1952, Newspapers.com (7175348). 

"Society." Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL] December 13, 1949. Newspapers.com (8772339).

Telegram from C. B. Gates to Mrs. Carla Frazier, May 1, 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Texas. Tarrant County. 1930 U.S. Census. Digital images. Ancestry.

USS Badeong Strait (CVE-116). Photograph Collection. Naval History and Heritage Command. https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-navy-ships/alphabetical-listing/b/uss-badoeng-strait--cve-116-0.html.

"UN Forces Strike Back in Wonju Area." Daily Register  [Harrisburg, IL], January 9, 1951. Newspapers.com (7463295). 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - April 1951.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 1, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1951_04_895.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - December 1950.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 3, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1950_12_891.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - February 1951.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 1, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1951_02_893.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - January 1951.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 3, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1951_01_892.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - March 1951.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 1, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1951_02_893.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - November 1950.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 3, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1950_11_890.pdf. 
“VMF-323 - Historical Diary - October 1950.” Korean War Project. Accessed January 3, 2026. https://www.koreanwar2.org/kwp2/usmc/034/m034_cd10_1950_10_889.pdf. 
"War is Inevitable, State Civil Defense Official Tell Rotarians." Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], August 9, 1951. Newspapers.com (7463295). 

"Wasson Mine to Close After Work Today." Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], March 17, 1952, Newspapers.com (7181183).

"WSIL-TV to Hold Open House Saturday." Daily Register [Harrisburg, IL], December 4, 1953. Newspapers.com (7263258).

"Your Blood Can Save A Life." Advertisement, Daily Register, [Harrisburg, IL], April 25, 1952. Newspapers.com (7191964). 



James Lowman Frazier’s name is engraved on the Honolulu Memorial at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawai'i, 2026. Courtesy of the American Battle Monuments Commission.

James Frazier's name is engraved on the Honolulu Memorial.

James Lowman Frazier has a memorial marker in Sunset Lawn Cemetery in Harrisburg, Illinois, in his memory. The front of the stone is engraved with his name, birth and death dates, and Constance Frazier's birthdate. Courtesy of Marjorie DeNeal.

James Frazier's memorial market at a private cemetery.

Lieutenant Frazier was awarded a Purple Heart and Silver Star for his Korean War service and sacrifice. Pictured with the two decorations of valor is his United States Marine Corps Aviation Wings. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Two of Frazier's medals with his pilot wings.

Mrs. Carla Frazier received this telegram on May 1, 1951, the day after Lieutenant James Frazier died. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Western Union telegram received by the Frazier family.

Lieutenant Frazier's flightbook indicates that he was flying nearly every day of April 1951. The flight information logs nearly 60 hours of combat flight time for the month. The last entry, the day he was killed, is incomplete. Frazier notes close air support (CAS) and armed reconnaissance in locations such as Kiyang-ni. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

James Frazier's log book recording his flights in April 1951.

Lieutenant Jim Frazier flying a F4U Corsair. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

Colonel Batterton (on right) congratulates First Lieutenant Jim Frazier (on left) at a Korean airfield. Frazier, seen in his flight suit, flew the Marine Air Group's 5,000th combat flight, March 1951. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

James Frazier in a flight suit being greeted by a high-ranking officer.

James Frazier’s Korean War draft registration card, noting his service during World War II, September 7, 1948. Portions have been redacted for privacy reasons. National Archives and Records Administration.

James Frazier's Korean War draft card - back.

James Frazier's Korean War draft card - front.

Living in California, James holds his daughter, Connie, and sits next to his wife Carla before being shipped out in July 1950. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

A young family - mother, father, and toddler.

Newspaper announcement of James and Carla Frazier’s graduation from the University of Minnesota. Daily Register, June 15, 1948.

A newspaper article announcing the graduation of James and Carla Frazier from the U of Minnesota.

This snapshot of Jim Frazier was taken in 1944 in Athens, Georgia, while at U.S. Navy Pre-Flight School. On the back, he wrote a message to his future wife, Carla June Cummins, October 1, 1944. Courtesy of Constance Frazier.

A photograph with a note on the back that James sent to his future wife, Carla.

JAMES LOWMAN FRAZIER

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